By: Hannah Fraser, News Editor
Content warning: mentions of natural disasters, government oppression, and death.
The line “একতাই বল” (ako-ty-bal), or “unity is strength,” resounded through the streets of Vancouver in July, from SFU’s Bangladesh Student Alliance (BSA). Driven by their shared commitment to raise awareness about the violence in Bangladesh this summer, the BSA reflected their unity.
In early July, students and job seekers in Bangladesh began peacefully protesting against the quota system for government jobs, which reserved 56% of well-paid government jobs for specific communities. But on July 15, Dhaka University students were met with violence from protesting by what is “believed to be members of the Bangladesh Chatra League (BCL).” The BCL is a student political organization implicated in a multitude of crimes such as murder, theft, and extortion, and affiliated with the previous ruling political party in Bangladesh, Awami League. Members of the BCL attacked students with “rods, sticks, and clubs with a few even brandishing revolvers,” beginning a lethal chain of violence against peaceful student protestors in Bangladesh.
Since the first student protests in July, the BSA has been working to raise awareness about the current situation in Bangladesh and support those affected by it. On July 20, the group protested near Science World in Vancouver, while students across Canada protested as well. On August 4, the BSA also did a sit-in and walk at UBC to try and share the news on a broader scale.
An executive member of the BSA expressed that the association had to cancel many of their upcoming events because they were deeply impacted by the recent events in Bangladesh. Many members have family living in Bangladesh that had to endure its recent violence and disaster.
Under the quota system, 30% of the jobs were reserved for the “descendants of veterans.” Another 26% was allocated to women (10%), underdeveloped districts (10%), ethnic minorities (5%), and individuals with physical disabilities (1%). This left 44% of government jobs as “merit-based,” available for the rest of the population.
While Bangladesh’s former prime minister and leader of the Awami League party, Sheikh Hasina Wazed, agreed to abolish the quota system entirely in 2018 after protests against it, Bangladesh’s Supreme Court did not immediately follow through. The decision to abolish the quota system was reverted on June 5, 2024 by Bangladesh’s high court after an appeal from a “freedom fighter” descendent. This sparked the most recent wave of protests.
About 20% of Bangladesh’s population was below the poverty line before 2020 — a figure that has “increased substantially since, and is becoming a phenomenon less temporary than expected,” according to the UN. Estimates also suggest that around 18 million young Bangladeshis are unemployed, with university graduates facing “higher rates of unemployment than their less-educated peers.” In an interview with six members of SFU BSA, Nowmee Rahman, the alliance’s president from 2019, expressed that many young Bangladeshis look forward to government jobs after they graduate, but are restricted due to the quotas.
Some BSA executives noted that it doesn’t make sense to reserve positions for the descendants of their “freedom fighters.” Given that the veterans gained Bangladesh’s independence in 1971, their descendants looking for jobs in 2024 are their grandchildren, showing how the quota system problematically transcends generations.
In 2018, students first began protesting about job quotas, because the Awami League government began abusing them for their own benefit. The Awami League was the previous governing body since 2009 and was co-founded by Mujibur Rahman, father of former prime minister Sheikh Hasina Wazed. Farsim Raihan, another former president of the BSA, described how Bangladeshis would have to bribe the Awami League for a job position, even if these individuals already had political connections to the party. The same conditions applied to individuals applying to the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) and Bangladesh police jobs, creating corrupt law enforcement agencies. “That’s how it went from these quotas to [an] attack on the principles of democracy,” said Raihan. In other words, giving people “equal rights and being able to run a corporation according to the needs of the people, not of the political parties.”
Years passed and there were no developments from the high court to address the student’s demands, so students and job seekers grew concerned and returned to peacefully protest about the matter this July. However, in an effort to subdue the students and prevent the Bangladesh quota reform movement from gaining momentum, the Awami League began deploying police and other departments like BGB, who protect the borders of Bangladesh, to attack students. The violence sparked more intense protests against the government. The killing of Abu Sayed, a Begum Rokeya University student who stood his ground peacefully sparked outrage among Bangladeshis. More than 1,000 people were killed, including at least 89 infants and children. The government detained nearly 10,000 people, and “tens of thousands” were accused of crimes such as arson and vandalism.
Not only were students protesting, but other citizens too, enraged at the deaths of their families and people. The protests evolved from job quota reform demands to demands for an apology from party leader Hasina, officials and those who attacked citizens to be arrested or resign, and for families of the killed and injured to be compensated. The government imposed a nationwide curfew from July 12, with the army patrolling the streets, and a media blackout on July 17.
It wasn’t until July 21 that the high court finally allocated 93% of government jobs based on merit. The media blackout also ended on this day. On August 5, Hasina resigned and fled the country by helicopter, heading for India. A leader who once fought for “democracy” and helped Bangladesh become “one of the fastest-growing economies in the region,” was now responsible for the deaths of over 1,000 Bangladeshis. Hasina also led a highly controversial election in 2023, getting her party re-elected for a fourth straight parliamentary term. Her government was accused of “numerous allegedly corrupt business deals,” and criticized for being “too subservient to India.” It was during her fifth term as prime minister in Bangladesh that she fled to India.
Economist Muhammad Yunus was sworn in as the head of the interim government — however, violence continued in Bangladesh in the first few weeks of August.
And then, one of the “country’s worst floods in living memory” began on August 21.
In eastern and southeastern Bangladesh, over 5.7 million families have been deeply affected by a massive overnight flood. At least 23 people have died and 1.24 million families are stranded, increasingly fearing waterborne disease without “food, clean water, medicine, and dry clothing.”
From June to October, Bangladesh’s monsoon season accounts for about 80% of its yearly rainfall, putting almost one-third of the country underwater. However, many Bangladeshis blame India for the recent flooding, claiming they deliberately opened the Dumbur dam in neighbouring Tripura state. “They opened the gate, but no information was given,” Shoriful Islam told CBC, a citizen who returned to his hometown to help rescue people in the floods.
India “denied the dam release was deliberate and said excessive rain was a factor,” but former BSA member Farsim Raihan notes that there was still no notice or “any sort of sympathy towards the Bangladeshi people. No room to take precautions.”
“Bangladesh has one of the best flood detection systems in southeast Asia,” said Ibrahim Al Haque, former president of the BSA, “However, this happened because overnight they decided to open [the] dam,” he added. The BBC described that to India, Bangladesh is a “strategic partner and close ally crucial to India’s border security, particularly in the north-eastern states.
“When the only statement is that the dam opened by itself and we couldn’t have done anything about it, it seems very avoidant of actually speaking about the issue,” added a BSA executive.
“In order to prevent such disasters in the future we want accountability to why we weren’t given a warning, and are we gonna get a warning next time if they decide to open another dam,” said Al Haque.
At the time of publication, Hasina remains sheltered by the Indian government, which isn’t having any discourse with the Bangladeshi interim government on how to hold her accountable. “We haven’t seen anything from the Indian government in terms of what their plans are with Sheikh Hasina,” said Raihan. “What it seems like is [ . . . ] the Indian government has [gone] silent with the interim government.
“We expect an apology from the Indian government,” he continued. “We expect them to come into discourse with our interim government. To avoid the anti-India sentiment to develop, Al Haque said “it’s on them now to prove ‘we are with the people of Bangladesh and not with the authorities of Bangladesh.’” On September 1, the chief prosecutor of Bangladesh’s International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) announced the legal process to send Hasina back to Bangladesh and face trial.
A BSA executive mentioned that during a summer trip back to Bangladesh to enjoy with their family, the situation escalated so quickly that, before they knew it, no one could speak up on social media about Bangladesh’s current situation. They also revealed that one of their childhood friends was taken away. “You don’t expect things to go wrong in the blink of an eye,” they expressed. The media blackout made them uncertain if they could still catch their flight back to Canada, or even enroll in their SFU classes on time.
Rahman further expressed the dangers of speaking up at the time and not being able to contact her parents for three days during the media blackout: “You didn’t know what was going on and the news we were getting was not looking good.”
Al Haque told The Peak that his family had strong ties to the Awami League and that his uncles were threatened when he showed support for the student protests. “It puts you in a really complicated situation where it’s either you stand for what’s right or you think about your parents and don’t take any actions.”
Raihan expressed how the Awami League government became an oppressive regime, using its resources to terrorize its own people. But, he said that “now having 5,000 other people afraid together, you’re no longer afraid.” And similarly, “If you go out together with the fear of death, no one will die.”
The BSA’s sense of unity and courage seems to be almost completely unbreakable, despite recent events hitting too close to home.
“একতাই বল” (ako-ty-bal), or “unity is strength.”
Although the BSA rarely engaged in the politics of their country in the past, a member said they BSA had a cultural shift when they started discussing the country’s recent events to focus on the well-being of students at SFU. The BSA emailed and created group chats with students who were concerned about the state of Bangladesh to provide a space for them to express their feelings and keep their mental health in check. They also discussed that they hope SFU would show more compassion to Bangladeshi students at this time, considering their financial situations and mental health more seriously.
“We understood how it feels like to be oppressed, and we stand by anyone who is being oppressed in the whole world,” said an executive member on behalf of the BSA.
For more information, you can follow SFU BSA at @sfubsa on Instagram.
